Golden pheasants (Chrysolophus pictus) are striking birds that make excellent additions to backyard aviaries due to their vibrant colors and relatively easy care requirements. The process of hatching golden pheasant eggs requires attention to specific temperature, humidity, and handling protocols that differ slightly from those used for common poultry. This guide synthesizes expert knowledge on successfully incubating golden pheasant eggs, from collection through hatching. Golden pheasant eggs typically require 22-24 days of incubation with specific temperature and humidity parameters, careful turning procedures, and special considerations during the hatching phase to achieve optimal results.

Equipment and Setup Requirements

Essential Incubation Equipment

Successful hatching begins with proper equipment. You’ll need a reliable incubator with accurate temperature and humidity controls. While forced-draft incubators are commonly used for commercial operations, research indicates that golden pheasant eggs actually hatch better in still-air machines or under broody hens, though this may not be practical for most breeders.

Your incubator should include:

For verification purposes, it’s advisable to use a mercury thermometer even if your incubator has digital readings, as this helps ensure the temperature remains consistent. Having a wet bulb thermometer is also essential for monitoring humidity levels accurately.

Preparing Your Incubator

Before introducing eggs, your incubator must be properly prepared:

  1. Run the incubator for at least 24 hours before adding eggs to stabilize temperature and humidity
  2. Verify that the temperature has reached the appropriate setting (99.8°F/37.7°C for golden pheasants)
  3. Confirm proper humidity levels (around 55% relative humidity)
  4. Ensure good airflow within the incubator
  5. Test all automatic features including turning mechanisms if present

This preparation period is crucial as it allows you to make necessary adjustments before risking valuable eggs.

Egg Collection and Preparation

Collection Practices

Golden pheasant hens typically begin laying in spring, with the season extending through summer. A healthy hen may produce up to 20 eggs throughout a breeding season. For optimal hatching results:

  1. Collect eggs daily to prevent contamination and damage
  2. Handle eggs with clean hands, minimizing contact and avoiding shaking
  3. Gently clean eggs if necessary, wiping rather than washing when possible
  4. Keep accurate records of collection dates

Research shows that hatchability is highest at the beginning of the egg-laying period, with success rates of approximately 77-80% for early eggs compared to declining rates in later periods.

Storage Considerations

How you store eggs before incubation significantly affects hatchability:

  1. Store eggs with the pointed end down
  2. Maintain storage temperature between 55-65°F (13-18°C)
  3. Keep relative humidity at 70-75%
  4. Minimiser le temps de stockage lorsque c’est possible

Des études indiquent que les œufs de faisan doré stockés pendant seulement 1 à 3 jours ont atteint un taux d’éclosion de 86 %, tandis que ceux stockés 4 à 10 jours ont vu leurs taux de succès chuter à 38 %. Cela démontre l’importance de mettre les œufs en incubation rapidement après la collecte.

Le Processus d’Incubation

Paramètres de Température

Les œufs de faisan doré nécessitent un contrôle précis de la température :

La cohérence de la température est cruciale, car les fluctuations peuvent affecter significativement l’éclosabilité et la qualité des poussins.

Exigences en Humidité

Une humidité adéquate empêche une perte excessive d’humidité tout en assurant une réduction suffisante de poids pendant l’incubation :

Des recherches sur les faisans dorés ont montré que les œufs perdent environ 13,2 % de leur poids initial pendant 19 jours d’incubation, ce qui fournit une référence pour vérifier si les niveaux d’humidité sont appropriés.

Protocole de Tournement des Œufs

Le tournement empêche l’embryon de se coller à la membrane coquillière :

  1. Tourner les œufs au minimum 3 fois par jour si cela est fait manuellement
  2. Idéalement, les œufs devraient être tournés toutes les heures avec des systèmes automatiques
  3. Tourner à un angle de 45° avec une rotation de 90°
  4. Si vous tournez manuellement, effectuez un nombre impair de rotations par jour pour que les œufs ne passent pas deux nuits consécutives du même côté

Calendrier d’Ovoscopie

L’ovoscopie aide à identifier les œufs infertiles et à surveiller le développement :

  1. Première ovoscopie : Jour 7 de l’incubation
  2. Deuxième ovoscopie : Jour 14 de l’incubation
  3. Dernière ovoscopie : Jour 19 (avant transfert à l’éclosoir)

Pour l’ovoscopie, un morceau de mousse et une lampe à main fonctionnent souvent bien, bien que des ovoscopes commerciaux soient disponibles. Les œufs infertiles doivent être retirés pour éviter toute contamination potentielle des œufs en développement.

Phase d’Éclosion

Transfert à l’Éclosoir

Environ de 19 à 21 jours d’incubation :

  1. Arrêter de tourner les œufs
  2. Transférer les œufs dans des plateaux ou paniers d’éclosion si vous utilisez un éclosoir séparé
  3. Ajuster la température à 97,8°F (37,2°C)
  4. Augmenter l’humidité pour la phase d’éclosion

Le transfert doit être effectué soigneusement pour minimiser le stress des embryons en développement.

Ajustement de l’Humidité pour l’Éclosion

Pendant la phase d’éclosion, l’humidité est cruciale :

  1. Augmenter l’humidité à environ 65-70 % pour la phase initiale d’éclosion
  2. Lorsque l’éclosion active commence (piquage des œufs), élever encore l’humidité à 75-90 %

Si l’humidité est trop basse durant l’éclosion, les poussins auront du mal à traverser la membrane coquillière, qui devient trop dure et caoutchouteuse.

Durée de l’Éclosion

Les œufs de faisan doré éclosent généralement après 22-24 jours d’incubation. Les facteurs qui influencent le moment exact de l’éclosion incluent :

Non-Intervention Period

Once hatching begins:

  1. Avoid opening the incubator frequently as this reduces humidity
  2. Do not assist chicks with hatching unless absolutely necessary
  3. Allow chicks to hatch naturally, which may take 24-36 hours from first pip to emergence

Post-Hatching Care

Initial Care in Incubator

After hatching:

  1. Allow chicks to rest and dry in the incubator for 8-24 hours
  2. Some sources recommend 1.5 to 2 days in the hatcher before transfer
  3. This drying period helps chicks transition to life outside the egg

Brooder Setup

Before transferring chicks to a brooder, ensure it is properly prepared:

  1. Maintain brooder temperature at approximately 95°F (35°C) for the first week
  2. Provide clean, dry bedding material
  3. Have water and appropriate starter feed ready
  4. Ensure adequate space and ventilation

Initial Feeding and Care

Golden pheasant chicks require specialized care:

  1. Provide game bird starter feed, ideally slightly ground for smaller beaks
  2. Ensure constant access to clean water sources
  3. Gradually introduce larger feed particles as chicks grow
  4. Monitor chicks closely for signs of distress or illness

Troubleshooting Common Issues

Poor Hatchability

If experiencing low hatch rates, consider these factors:

  1. Egg fertility – ensure proper male-to-female ratio in breeding flock
  2. Storage conditions – minimize storage time and maintain proper conditions
  3. Incubator parameters – verify temperature and humidity settings
  4. Turning frequency – insufficient turning leads to embryo adhesion
  5. Breeding stock nutrition – provide adequate protein and supplements to breeding birds

Humidity Challenges

For humidity issues:

  1. If eggs lose too much weight (more than 13-14%), increase humidity
  2. If eggs lose too little weight, decrease humidity slightly
  3. Use multiple water reservoirs in the incubator to stabilize humidity
  4. Consider using wet hessian or automatic misting systems during hatching

FAQ


Should the eggs be in the refrigerator after i received the eggs?

No, golden pheasant eggs should not be refrigerated after receiving them from the post. Refrigeration can negatively impact their hatchability because it lowers the temperature below the optimal storage range for hatching eggs. Instead, they should be stored in a cool environment with a temperature of approximately 15°C (59°F) and a relative humidity of around 75% until you are ready to incubate them.

Refrigeration is typically used for preserving eggs meant for consumption, but hatching eggs require specific conditions to maintain embryo viability. Prolonged storage beyond 10 days can also reduce hatching performance, so it’s best to incubate them as soon as possible.

Conclusion

Hatching golden pheasant eggs requires attention to detail and specific parameters that differ somewhat from those used for common poultry. Success depends on maintaining precise temperature and humidity levels, proper egg turning, and careful management during the critical hatching phase. With proper equipment, preparation, and monitoring, breeders can achieve good results even with limited experience.

For those new to breeding pheasants, it’s worth noting that golden pheasants are considered among the easiest pheasant species to breed and raise, making them an excellent starting point for beginners. Their striking appearance and relatively hardy nature reward the effort involved in the hatching process.

As with any breeding endeavor, keeping detailed records of your procedures and results will help you refine your techniques over time and achieve increasingly successful hatches with each breeding season.

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